Time is the most important resources available for man. Virtually all human activities are controlled by time synchronized with the lesser and greater lights. The lesser light is called the moon while the grater light is the sun. There are 24 hours in a day, each hour marked by the movement of the sun round the earth; during the daytime the sun is in-charge giving light to things (living and non living things) on earth while the night time is ruled by the moon. How are these different time period recognized and calculated? There are two time pieces that enables time recognition and calculation, they are: calendar and clock, watches etc. The clock gives record of time in hours, minutes and seconds while the calendar records time in months, days and weeks. Before the discovery of watches and clocks and other type of time pieces that records time in hours, minutes and second or per day, the calendar was the major time device. Then people device different methods of time keeping example is the lunar calendar, Islamic calendar and so on. The lunar calendar timing is synched with tides and other phenomena. There are many types of calendars all synched with different human activities, and natural occurrences. This article will feature different calendar from different religion, country, eras, and culture etc. So get ready; fasten your seat belt, you are on a time machine and it is taking you way…. back. Enjoy!

Types Of Calendar

Before going on the journey consider this interesting definition of calendar. It is the machinery that oscillates through ages, time, culture, and eras without really going no-where. Yes pick up a 1980 calendar, if you where born before that time imagine how nostalgic it feels to look at a particular date say July 29^th 1980; a time you probably had your first baby, how does it make you feel looking at the time, imagining what happened at that period; a period never to be experienced again, but only seen through the eyes of your calendar. Don’t you just wish you could jump right into it or turn back the hands of time? The feeling is the same especially to people who wish they can undo one error or the other, or people who really had fun (like me) growing up. But alas, it is not to be, that is why looking at a calendar can sometimes be a torture, especially the ones fitted into devices like the mobile phones, which allows one to switch back as far back as 80s, even the 70s. Well enough for the wishing stuff, here are different types of calendars.

Gregorian Calendar: The Gregorian or western or Christian calendar is the major and most acknowledged type of calendar that is in use today. This calendar was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII whom the calendar was named after. The calendar operates on Anno Domini (previous year numbering system) counting the years from the incarnation of Jesus Christ. The calendar recognized regular cycles of leap years and it is obtained by dividing a year by four excluding a year that can be divided by hundred. Add to this, centuries that are divisible by 400 are leap years, for instance, the year 2000 is a leap year but the year 2011 is not divisible by 400 so it is not a leap year.

Solar Calendar: This records the movement of the sun round the earth, a complete rotation equals 365 days and it is embedded in the Gregorian calendar, another type of calendar that is embedded in the Gregorian calendar is:

The Julian Calendar:  Bahá'í, Gregorian, Malayalam and the Thai Calendar are parts of the Solar calendar. The calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar (oh – Julian, Julius) and first adopted in the forty five BC. Like the Gregorian calendar it comprises of 12 months, 565 days and the leap year.

The Lunar Calendar: This time device is synched with the movement of the moon and it consists of twenty nine to thirty days instead of 30 t0 31 days as recognized by the solar calendar. The Chinese are known to adopt this type of calendar.

There are many other types of calendars: Islamic, Vikrama calendar used by Indians, Hebrew calendar, ancient Macedonian calendar and many more. These timed devices are used in recognizing human activities on earth for the purpose of identification, convenience and future consumption.

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