Reinforcement is an act of strengthening. It means to five rewards or punishments as the case may be to the concerned person in order to make the work done by him in the most desirable manner. There are basically two types of reinforcement; one is positive and other is negative. Positive reinforcement is as the very name suggests giving rewards for good performance. Negative reinforcement is totally opposite to it. It means punishing other person on under-performance and low quality results. Negative reinforcements are given not only to the people but animals too. Normally, when you go to watch a circus, the circus men or trainer has a hunter in his hand through which he controls his animal. This is a type of negative reinforcement in the case of animals. And if you watch some employer cutting the salary of any employee then it is also an act of negative reinforcement in the case of mankind.

There are different types of negative reinforcement present in the society. We shall discuss each one of them in detail here.

Punishment- Punishment is a kind of negative reaction on any wrong or undesired action. Generally, when the students write something wrong or undesirable in their notebook then teachers punish them. They provide them a tough task that might be humiliating in front of all other students. This is one of the types of negative reinforcement.

Fear- This type of negative reinforcement works when the listener is ignorant or not having enough power to stop you. People having powers in the society or having big contacts can threaten other people and create a sense of fear among them and compel them to do the work according to their will.

Discomfort- Generally, when people do not want to actually punish someone, or they cannot show their arrogance in physical form, they generally adopt this type of negative reinforcement. In this, a person makes the other person so uncomfortable and he will laugh on him that the other person starts feeling humiliated and forcefully has to work according to him.

Pain- Pain is also considered as one of the ways in which you can make the other person do your work by compelling him through giving some pains. Those pains can be given physically or mentally.

Segregation- Often people segregate other person from the society or their existing groups. This act will compel them to do a particular task forcefully because no one can live without any group or society as human is considered as a social animal.

Beating- Sometimes people beat someone else in order to compel him to do some task. Parents beat their children so that they do not dare to commit any mistake; teachers beat their students so that they could be more attentive in the class because of that fear. Such examples can be included in the list of types of negative reinforcement.

Abusing- Abusing means using bad words (or such words which are not acceptable in the society) for compelling someone to perform a particular task. Abusive words come out whenever people feel angry on someone. In that anger, they start using wrong words that could hurt the sentiments of someone and can make it worse and force him to do the activity.

Accusing- By the term accusing, we mean putting wrong and false allegation on someone and force him to perform an activity what you want him to do. This is a kind of negative reinforcement. In this, people trap others in fraud cases and in return of the proofs of their innocence, they ask for something that might not be possible otherwise. Although it is a wrong way of encouraging someone to do such acts but still many people still follow.

These are different types of negative reinforcement. If we talk in general terms then the concept of negative reinforcement is itself an unethical issue but it may prove fruitful in some cases. Sometimes it is important to be cruel and show negative side of you in order to protect someone from doing any wrong deed. Whatever is the reason but one should always keep in mind that no one should use these types of negative reinforcement in order to fulfill their desires.

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